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Europe in the Early Middle Ages was marked by large scale migrations and invasions that resulted in establishment of new political units on the territory of the former Western Roman Empire. The Germanic peoples mostly settled in Western, Central and Southern Europe by the end of the 5th century where they established their own kingdoms. Most of them were short-lived except for the Carolingian Empire that absorbed virtually all the remaining Germanic kingdoms in Western and Central Europe by the end of the 8th century.

Migration of the Germanic peoples was followed by the arrival of the Slavic peoples who settled in Eastern Europe, part of Central Europe and the Balkans. However, the majority of the early medieval Slavic states was short-lived as well. They were either conquered by the Carolingian Empire / Holy Roman Empire or the Byzantine Empire.

Early medieval Europe also saw the arrival of the Avars and Bulgarians in the 6th century. The Avars settled in the Pannonian Basin in the mid-6th century (their state was destroyed by the Franks in 803), while the Bulgarians settled in the Eastern Balkan and established an empire in 680.

Following the conquest of North Africa, the Muslims crossed the strait of Gibraltar and invaded the Iberian Peninsula. They conquered the Visigothic Kingdom by 718 when they crossed the Pyrenees. Muslim forces were decisively defeated by the Franks in the Battle of Tours in 732 which marked the end of the Muslim advance in Western Europe. However, the Muslim conquests in Europe did not cease with the Battle of Tours. The Saracens captured Sicily and a part of Southern Italy from the Byzantine Empire in the mid-9th century and threatened Northern Italy and southern France.

At the end of the 9th century, Europe saw the arrival of Hungarians who seriously threatened Central Europe until the mid-10th century when they were decisively defeated by Otto the Great. By the end of the Middle Ages, the Hungarians permanently settled in the Pannonian Basin and adopted the European culture and political organization.

While the Central Europe was threatened by the Hungarians, the Western Europe was seriously endangered by the Vikings. In order to put an end to the Viking threat, King of East Francia Charles the Simple gave the Vikings what is today Normandy as a fief in the early 10th century.

The Viking invasions were also a serious threat to the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms in Great Britain which were unable to withstand the invaders. The Vikings started to settle in England by the mid-9th century and established an independent settlement – Danelaw.

The majority of early medieval kingdoms collapsed during the Early Middle Ages including the strongest of all – the Carolingian Empire. The realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty started to decline after death of Charlemagne in 814 and split into three kingdoms in 843.

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Viw published complete overview of medieval history on http://www.medievaltimes.info

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Online Multiplayer Games For All Ages

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by nachof

Online Multiplayer Games For All Ages

Online Multiplayer Games For All Ages

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Online Multiplayer Games For All Ages

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Posted: Sep 18, 2009 |Comments: 0
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Online multiplayer games are becoming more and more popular in recent years. It doesn’t matter what age group you belong to – players from all ages join these virtual worlds to have fun.

On the Internet, there are a plethora of MMORPG games that you can join. A few options include WOW, Age of Empire, Evony online and Everquest.

Traditionally, players are required to buy the original CD. The purchase will give the player access to an activation key. In order to log on to the game servers to start playing, players have to enter the activation key to register an account. With no activation key, players cannot start a game.

However, games have started to evolve with the growth of the Internet. Just a few short years ago, a CD is still required because there is no way for a player to download the resource intensive media files with limited bandwidth. The speed of download is so fast now that the need to own a CD has been eliminated. Downloading and installation is a breeze with the increased speed. They may then launch the game and start connecting to the game servers immediately.

Gaming companies soon found that they no longer have to depend on traditional distribution channels to gain an audience. That means they can do everything themselves – from developing the game to promoting the game. Everything can be done online.

One excellent instance is Evony – a multiplayer game that is free to join. A player does not have to purchase anything from a retail store. By advertising online, the game has been able to attract millions of player without having to depend on stores. The game starts without having to make any purchase.

This game continues to be free. Players are not required to make any purchase to continue playing the game. There is no trial period. So if no upfront payments are collected, how can money be made for the game to be profitable for its developers?

Evony makes money by selling virtual items to game players. If you are in a hurry to level up so that you can become more competitive in the game, you have to start making purchases. For the game play to continue to be exciting, you may have to buy some items in order to stay competitive. Otherwise, you’re just a sitting duck waiting to be demolished. Many special items are available for sale. If you have friends of allies online, you can trade with them so that everyone wins!

Everyone wants to become stronger as quickly as possible. A lot of time is required to develop an account or character if no purchase is made. It is not uncommon to find players spending huge amounts of money just to develop their character or account. So they purchase characters or accounts from other players so that they can skip levels and proceed to the more challenging levels.

Some games are designed in such a way that alliances are beneficial. Sometimes, you see hundreds of guilds being built for popular games. You may be surprised to find that some guilds don’t accept anyone. Members of the guild help one another to overcome challenges in the game. Such games encourage social behavior and the games tend to be more fun, entertaining and addictive.

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Play 3D Online Games and Online Strategy games.

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The Different Ages Through History

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by brookscl

The Different Ages Through History

The Different Ages Through History

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The Different Ages Through History

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Posted: Feb 14, 2010 |Comments: 0
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The Age of Empires – (as I call it), also known as the classical era. This was a long period of cultural history centered around the Mediterranean Sea. This aree comprised of the many civilizations of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Persia, and Egypt.This Age saw the rise and fall of the Egyptian Empire, the Greek Empire, the Persian empire and the Roman Empire. This era also so the creation of the Jewish religion with their Exodus out of Egypt, as well as formation of Christianity. An amazing time to live! I love to watch movies from this era. I wish there were more!

The Dark/Mideival Age – After the fall of the Roman Empire, a period of cultural decline that took place in Western Europe. Writings of Historical Record became sparse, and oral tradition became more abundant. Some historians say that the Dark Ages is not an appropriate label for this time period, but it makes sense to me.

The Age of Exploration – Beginning in the late 15th century and lasting into the early 17th century. This age can just as easily be called the Age of Discovery. During which, the Europeans and their descendants intensively explored and mapped the world. America, Australia, and New Zealand were all discovered during this period. Most European countries were still ruled by Kings and Queens. While in America and Australia, the natives were still mostly living Nomadic lives.
What a stark contrast between all of the different cultures! For instance, the movie: “Last of the Mohicans” took place in 1757 a.d., while “The Patriot” was set in 1776 a.d.
I think that’s amazing to think about. All of the different walks of life that were happening at the same time. All the while you have the Upper-Class English culture living their lives like in the movie, “Pride and Prejudice”. Set in 1790 a.d.
Who knows what the Chinese and the Hindu Indians were doing back then?

The Industrial Age – was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in in the world had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world.

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